The capital of Western Sahara is disputed: Laayoune is the largest city and de jure capital claimed by the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), but it is under the de facto administration of Morocco. The SADR has established a temporary capital in Tifariti and has its main administration in the Sahrawi refugee camps in Rabuni, Algeria.Â
The capital of Saint Helena is Jamestown, a port city founded in 1659 by the British East India Company. Located on the island’s northwestern coast, it is the historic center and the primary port for the British Overseas Territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha. The city is known for its narrow valley location, historic buildings, and its role as the central hub for government, business, and social activities. Â
The capital of Mayotte is Mamoudzou, a large city located on the main island, Grande-Terre, off the coast of Africa in the Indian Ocean. It is the most populated municipality in Mayotte and became the capital in 1977, replacing Dzaoudzi.Â
Harare is the capital and largest city of Zimbabwe, located in the country’s Mashonaland region. It is a modern, well-planned city with high-rise buildings and tree-lined avenues that serves as a central hub for rail, road, and air transport, as well as commerce and industry. Previously known as Salisbury, Harare sits on a plateau at an elevation of 1,483 meters (4,865 feet) and has a subtropical highland climate. Â
Lusaka is the capital and largest city of Zambia, located in the south-central part of the country at an elevation of about 1,279 meters (4,196 ft). It serves as Zambia’s center for government and commerce, connecting to the nation’s main highways and experiencing rapid development, though this growth also presents infrastructure challenges. The city offers a mix of urban life, bustling markets, museums, and nearby natural areas, making it a gateway to Zambia’s attractions like the Victoria Falls. Â
Kampala is the capital and largest city of Uganda, a bustling, cosmopolitan city built on seven hills near the shores of Lake Victoria. Originally established as a British outpost, it officially became Uganda’s capital upon the country’s independence in 1962, and serves as the nation’s primary center for communications, commerce, and government.Â
Tunis is the capital and largest city of Tunisia, located on the Mediterranean coast and serving as the country’s economic, cultural, and administrative center. The city is a vibrant blend of historical influences, with its ancient Medina and a French-colonial-era Ville Nouvelle, and is home to landmarks such as the Bardo Museum and the ancient ruins of Carthage nearby. Â
Tanzania’s official capital is Dodoma, which was designated the capital in 1974 and became official in 1996, while its former capital and largest city, Dar es Salaam, retains most government offices, remains the principal port, and is the leading commercial center. Dodoma is located centrally on the mainland and serves as the administrative capital, hosting the Parliament and central government offices. Â
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